This book is concerned with the Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic experiments(实验) that future engineers should master. For the mechanical engineering related majors, it is crucial that the Fluid Mechanics fundamentals and its applications in the field of Hydraulic in various forms be thoroughly understood.

Fluid Mechanics is defined as the science that deals with the behavior of fluid at rest (fluid statics) or in motion (fluid dynamics), and the interaction of fluids with solids or other fluids at the boundaries. Fluid Mechanics is also referred to as fluid dynamics by considering fluids at rest as a special case of motion with zero velocity. Also, fluid mechanics itself is divided into several categories. The study of the motion of fluids that can be approximated as incompressible (such as liquids, especially water, and gases at low speeds) is usually referred to as hydrodynamics. A subcategory of hydrodynamics is hydraulics, which deals with liquid flows in pipes and open channels. Of course it also has categories of Gas dynamics and aerodynamics.

Contents. 1

Preface. 7

FLUID POWER LABORATORY POLICES. 9

Lab 1 Reynolds experiment 2

Objectives. 2

Equipment preparation. 2

Principle. 2

Equipment description. 5

Part 1. 6

Part 2. 7

Lab1 Report——Reynolds experiment 8

Results and calculations. 8

Calculate for each setting. 8

Lab 2 Bernoulli’s experiment 9

Objectives. 9

Equipment preparation. 9

Discussion. 9

Procedure. 11

Lab 2 Report——Bernoulli’s experiment 14

Lab 3 Fluid friction. 15

Objectives. 15

Equipment preparation and installation. 15

Part 1: Fluid friction in a smooth bore pipe. 17

Part 2: Head loss due to pipe fittings. 20

Part 3: Fluid friction in a roughened pipe. 22

Part 4: Fluid friction in an orifice plate or Venturi 23

Lab 3 Report——Fluid friction. 26

Part 1 Fluid friction in a smooth bore pipe results and analysis. 26

Part 2 Head loss due to pipe fillings results and analysis. 27

Part 3 Fluid friction in a roughened pipe results and analysis. 30

Part 4 Fluid friction in an orifice plate or Venturi results and analysis. 31

Lab 4 Fluid power components and circuits. 34

Objectives. 34

Equipment preparation. 34

Software introduction. 36

Procedure. 37

Part 1: Recognize the components on the workstation. 37

Part 2: Familiar with the symbol of the components. 37

Part 3: Recognize the circuits. 38

Lab 4 Report——Fluid power components and circuits. 40

Lab 5 Pump disassembly and performance. 44

Objectives. 44

Equipment preparation. 44

Discussion. 44

Part 1 Pump disassembly. 44

Procedure. 45

Part 2 Pump performance. 47

Discussion. 47

Procedure. 50

Lab 5 Report——Pump disassembly and performance. 59

Part 1 Pump disassembly and performance. 59

Part 2 Data analysis and problems. 62

Lab 6 Cylinder circuit operation. 66

Objectives. 66

Equipment preparation. 66

Discussion. 66

Part 1: Normal cylinder operation. 67

Procedure— Normal cylinder operation. 69

Part 2: Regenerative cylinder operation. 70

Procedure—Regenerative cylinder operation. 74

Lab 6 Report cylinder circuit operation. 75

Lab 7 Hydraulic motor. 78

Objectives. 78

Equipment preparation. 78

Discussion. 78

Procedure. 80

Lab 7 Report——Hydraulic motor. 83

Lab 8 Valve disassembly. 86

Objectives. 86

Discussion. 86

Lab 8 Report——Valve disassembly. 87

Procedure / Questions. 87

Part 1 Directional control valves. 87

Part 2 Relief valves. 90

Lab 9 Analysis of flow control valves. 93

Objectives. 93

Equipment preparation. 93

Discussion. 93

Part 1 Throttle valve. 94

Procedure 1 Building up a hydraulic circuit in the software of AS. 94

Procedure 2 Start simulation and measure the characteristic curve of the throttle valve. 96

Procedure 3  Throttle valve lab procedure on DS4 platform.. 98

Part 2 Speed-regulating valve. 99

Procedure 1 Building up a hydraulic circuit in the software of AS. 99

Procedure 2 Start simulation about speed regulating valve. 100

Procedure 3 Speed regulating Valve Lab Procedure on DS4 platform.. 102

Lab 9 Report——Analysis of flow control valves. 103

Lab 10 Familiar with circuits. 107

Objectives. 107

Lab10 Report——Familiar with circuits. 108

Lab 11 Proportional control system.. 110

Objectives. 110

Equipment preparation. 110

Discussion. 110

Part 1 Working principle of proportional hydraulic valve. 110

Part 2 Characteristic curve of the proportional directional valve. 115

Part 3 Introduction about PID control and simulation. 117

Procedure 1. Build a close loop hydraulic system. 118

Procedure 2. Change the PID coefficient 120

Procedure 3. Build a close loop system on the DS4 platform.. 123

Lab 11 Report——Proportional control system.. 128

Lab 12 Hydraulic throttle control experiment for engineering machinery. 130

Objectives. 130

Equipment preparation. 130

Principle. 131

Preparation. 138

Procedure. 142

Lab 12 Report——Hydraulic throttle control experiment for        engineering machinery. 144

Lab 13 Hydraulic LS control experiment for engineering machinery. 145

Objectives. 145

Equipment preparation. 145

Principle. 145

Preparation. 156

Procedure. 160

Lab 13 Report——Hydraulic load sensing control experiment for engineering machinery. 162

Lab 14 Hydraulic load independent flow distribution① control experiment for engineering machinery. 164

Objectives. 164

Equipment preparation. 164

Principle. 164

Preparation. 175

Procedure. 178

Lab 14 Report——Hydraulic Load Independent Flow Distribution control experiment for engineering machinery  180